Nano Technology & Genetic Enginnering

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Week 1: Chemistry of Nucleic Acids and Basics of Genetic Engineering

Introduction to Nucleic Acids:
- DNA and RNA as Genetic Material
- Structure and Properties of DNA and RNA
- Biological Significance of DNA and RNA Differences
Primary Structure of DNA:
- 3’,5’ Phosphodiester Bond: Chemical and Structural Qualities
- Nucleotide Composition and Linkage
Secondary Structure of DNA:
- Watson & Crick Model of DNA
- Chargaff’s Rule
- X-ray Diffraction Analysis of DNA
- Forces Stabilizing DNA Structure (Hydrogen Bonds, Base Stacking)
- Conformational Variants of DNA (A-DNA, B-DNA, Z-DNA)
Tertiary Structure of DNA:
- DNA Supercoiling and Topology

Week 2: Basics of Recombinant DNA Technology and DNA Libraries

Manipulation of DNA:
- Restriction Enzymes (Types and Mechanisms)
- Modification Enzymes (Methylation, Protection)
- Design of Linkers and Adaptors
Cloning and Expression Vectors:
- Plasmid-Based Vectors
- Bacteriophage-Based Vectors
- Vectors for Insect, Yeast, and Mammalian Systems
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Host Systems:
- Selection Methods for Recombinant DNA Introduction.

DNA Libraries

Week 3: DNA Sequencing, Amplification, and Site-Directed Mutagenesis

PCR Basics: Components and Mechanism
Advanced PCR Techniques:
- Inverse PCR, Nested PCR, AFLP-PCR, Allele-Specific PCR
- Asymmetric PCR, Hot Start PCR, Colony PCR, Single-Cell PCR
- Real-time PCR/qPCR: SYBR Green Assay, Taqman Assay, Molecular Beacons

Week 4: Nanotechnology – Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications

Soft Chemical Methods:
- Chemical Precipitation and Co-Precipitation
- Metal Nanocrystals (Polyol, Borohydride Reduction)
- Sol-Gel Synthesis, Microemulsion, and Reverse Micelles
- Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods

Organic and Inorganic Nanostructured Materials:
- Thermolysis, Microwave-Assisted, and Sonochemical Synthesis
- Core-Shell Nanostructures
- Quantum Dots, Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT, MWCNT), and Graphene

Physical Methods:
- Inert Gas Condensation, Arc Discharge, RF Plasma
- Laser Ablation, Ball Milling, Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)
Chemical Methods:
- Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Template-Assisted Synthesis
- Catalyst-Assisted CVD (CCVD)

Polymer Nanocomposites: Types and Applications
- Polymer/Metal Oxide, Polymer/CNT, Polymer/Nanoclay
Self-Organization of Nanostructures:
- Chemical, Physical, and Biological Self-Assembly
- Assembling and Patterning of Nanoparticles